Why can't outlook accept username/password?

Question

Outlook

There is an Exchange 2010 server. Outlook anywhere is published.
When configuring the client, it gives a certificate error. It is necessary to close / open the Outlook client, a constant request for a login / password begins.
Get- OutlookAnywhere
output | fl

RunspaceId                      : 4ee12bc2-a247-4c54-9f7f-1b2b524a63c3
ServerName                      : APPSERVER03
SSLOffloading                   : False
ExternalHostname                : mail.akelon.com
ClientAuthenticationMethod      : Basic
IISAuthenticationMethods        : {Basic}
XropUrl                         :
MetabasePath                    : IIS://AppServer03.corp.akelon.com/W3SVC/1/ROOT/Rpc
Path                            : C:\Windows\System32\RpcProxy
ExtendedProtectionTokenChecking : None
ExtendedProtectionFlags         : {}
ExtendedProtectionSPNList       : {}
Server                          : APPSERVER03
AdminDisplayName                :
ExchangeVersion                 : 0.10 (14.0.100.0)
Name                            : Rpc (Default Web Site)
DistinguishedName               : CN=Rpc (Default Web Site),CN=HTTP,CN=Protocols,CN=APPSERVER03,CN=Servers,CN=Exchange
                                  Administrative Group (FYDIBOHF23SPDLT),CN=Administrative Groups,CN=Akelon,CN=Microsof
                                  t Exchange,CN=Services,CN=Configuration,DC=corp,DC=akelon,DC=com
Identity                        : APPSERVER03\Rpc (Default Web Site)
Guid                            : 938ab140-df45-4efe-9fcf-8d25f054e21b
ObjectCategory                  : corp.akelon.com/Configuration/Schema/ms-Exch-Rpc-Http-Virtual-Directory
ObjectClass                     : {top, msExchVirtualDirectory, msExchRpcHttpVirtualDirectory}
WhenChanged                     : 26.12.2016 13:09:59
WhenCreated                     : 14.09.2016 18:37:20
WhenChangedUTC                  : 26.12.2016 10:09:59
WhenCreatedUTC                  : 14.09.2016 15:37:20
OrganizationId                  :
OriginatingServer               : SystemServer01.corp.akelon.com
IsValid                         : True

Get- OutlookProvider
output | fl

RunspaceId           : 4ee12bc2-a247-4c54-9f7f-1b2b524a63c3
CertPrincipalName    :
Server               :
TTL                  : 1
OutlookProviderFlags : None
AdminDisplayName     :
ExchangeVersion      : 0.1 (8.0.535.0)
Name                 : EXCH
DistinguishedName    : CN=EXCH,CN=Outlook,CN=AutoDiscover,CN=Client Access,CN=Akelon,CN=Microsoft Exchange,CN=Services,
                       CN=Configuration,DC=corp,DC=akelon,DC=com
Identity             : EXCH
Guid                 : 9a346b90-cf6a-42f3-8574-d0ec698ded15
ObjectCategory       : corp.akelon.com/Configuration/Schema/ms-Exch-Auto-Discover-Config
ObjectClass          : {top, msExchAutoDiscoverConfig}
WhenChanged          : 15.06.2010 20:27:07
WhenCreated          : 15.06.2010 20:27:07
WhenChangedUTC       : 15.06.2010 17:27:07
WhenCreatedUTC       : 15.06.2010 17:27:07
OrganizationId       :
OriginatingServer    : SystemServer01.corp.akelon.com
IsValid              : True

RunspaceId           : 4ee12bc2-a247-4c54-9f7f-1b2b524a63c3
CertPrincipalName    : msstd:*.akelon.com
Server               :
TTL                  : 1
OutlookProviderFlags : None
AdminDisplayName     :
ExchangeVersion      : 0.1 (8.0.535.0)
Name                 : EXPR
DistinguishedName    : CN=EXPR,CN=Outlook,CN=AutoDiscover,CN=Client Access,CN=Akelon,CN=Microsoft Exchange,CN=Services,
                       CN=Configuration,DC=corp,DC=akelon,DC=com
Identity             : EXPR
Guid                 : 1964f005-50d5-44a1-8204-046aefca1b2d
ObjectCategory       : corp.akelon.com/Configuration/Schema/ms-Exch-Auto-Discover-Config
ObjectClass          : {top, msExchAutoDiscoverConfig}
WhenChanged          : 08.10.2014 16:04:06
WhenCreated          : 15.06.2010 20:27:07
WhenChangedUTC       : 08.10.2014 13:04:06
WhenCreatedUTC       : 15.06.2010 17:27:07
OrganizationId       :
OriginatingServer    : SystemServer01.corp.akelon.com
IsValid              : True

RunspaceId           : 4ee12bc2-a247-4c54-9f7f-1b2b524a63c3
CertPrincipalName    :
Server               :
TTL                  : 1
OutlookProviderFlags : None
AdminDisplayName     :
ExchangeVersion      : 0.1 (8.0.535.0)
Name                 : WEB
DistinguishedName    : CN=WEB,CN=Outlook,CN=AutoDiscover,CN=Client Access,CN=Akelon,CN=Microsoft Exchange,CN=Services,C
                       N=Configuration,DC=corp,DC=akelon,DC=com
Identity             : WEB
Guid                 : 351e8a40-5f0e-4f05-beb5-953e060857ca
ObjectCategory       : corp.akelon.com/Configuration/Schema/ms-Exch-Auto-Discover-Config
ObjectClass          : {top, msExchAutoDiscoverConfig}
WhenChanged          : 15.06.2010 20:27:07
WhenCreated          : 15.06.2010 20:27:07
WhenChangedUTC       : 15.06.2010 17:27:07
WhenCreatedUTC       : 15.06.2010 17:27:07
OrganizationId       :
OriginatingServer    : SystemServer01.corp.akelon.com
IsValid              : True

Mikrotik acts as a gateway.

Answer 1

Unfortunately, the published command outputs are not enough for diagnostics.
Try the Testconnectivity service from MS: Outlook Connectivity item - drive in a non-privileged user. Read the result of the analysis, you can even take a screenshot here.

Answer 2

I tried to change the authentication type to NTLM, the result is the same, password request