Which open/close sensor should be installed in order to programmatically receive these 2 events?

Question

Do it yourself

The sensor will be on the door of the dry cleaner drawer.
The question is where and what kind of sensor should be purchased and that it be well documented. It is very desirable that it is easy to read data from it.

Answer 1

reedcontact(reed switch), Hall sensor.
a magnet or magnetic surface is mounted on the moving element. These sensors respond to them.

Answer 2

Depends on what you are going to read. And so the reed switch is quite suitable.

Answer 3

Ivan_korolev: You could describe the task in more detail / more specifically, otherwise now, your intentions can be described "how to shoot sparrows from a cannon." More, and more specific, then you can get a real answer that will actually help you.