Where to learn the basics of Information Security?

Question

Information Security

Tell me where and how to learn the basics of information security?
Interested in solving problems of this kind:
A secret text message was embedded in the PROG.EXE executable file. At the same time, the file itself correctly performs all functions. It is known that in order to mark the place of information insertion, the intruder used a 1-byte label followed by a message up to 10 bytes in size:
Label (1 byte)
Message (10 bytes)
What message was embedded in the file?
Attached to the task: PROG.EXE executable file.
How to understand how bytes, files and nuances work?
I will be very grateful.

Answer 1

To solve this type of problem, you should read K. Kaspersky - The Art of Disassembly.

Answer 2

For starters - read Figurnov.
:ROFL: