Where can I find GIS datasets?

Question

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Databases in Excel, GeoJSON, JSON, KML, CSV, XML, XLS, XLSX, etc.
Interested in completely different variations, except for those that 2gis has, and other giants that lie on the surface.
For example, data on the average level of snow cover, or on soil types, on the number of people and their sex and age, on the level of natural radiation, on nationalities, on wages, on living standards, on the height of buildings, on the education index of the population, etc., etc. , the list is endless. Tell me where you can download such data sets for free or for a fee, or how you can collect them yourself and from which organizations you can ask for information?