When did the first ORM (Object-relational mapping) appear?

Question

SQL

Tell me, in what year did the first ORM (Object-relational mapping) appear and who was the pioneer?
Tried googling and reading the wiki but couldn't find anything.

Answer 1

As far as I can judge, the "pioneers" of solving the problem of mapping data from the database to objects ... were those who had this problem for the first time. Namely, the dudes from Oracle, who offered one of the first ORM - TOPLink. First for Smalltalk in the early 90s and then for Java.