What types of content exist in wordpress, their appearance?

Question

WordPress

Good afternoon! I ask you to help me understand wordpress, regarding what exactly can be created as content. I drew for myself in the Mind Map how I see what the content can consist of. I provide you with a screenshot and ask you to correct or complete me.
In addition to the standard creation of pages and posts, wordpress also provides various options for adjusting the post both within it and by creating a separate post type. I have the following questions
1) Which file in the hierarchy is responsible for each individual item.
2) How to understand where and apply in practice? In what situation to use the post format, templates for different post types, registering a new post