What to choose to learn web programming from scratch today?

Question

Programming

Hello.
If you wanted to start learning web programming now, where would you start? What language, framework, technology would you choose?
I ask out of personal interest - I want to quickly learn modern tools and implement my ideas.
I have been friends with conventional programming since childhood: BASIC and assembler on the Spectrum. Then a technical university (and I started studying in the late 90s), in which: functional programming in Pascal, a little x86 assembler, and after object programming in Delphi, a little C ++, and even a little exotic LISP. But life fell in such a way that I didn’t manage to learn programming for the web.
Now I design websites, draw prototypes and design pages and interfaces. Superficially understand what and how it works.
But I fail to understand the process: how can I create an application that will perform the functions I need.
Now there is no environment like before, like Delphi for the web, where you can easily and quickly sketch out the interface of the application and start describing how it reacts to user actions (and additional features that the application needed). And thus understand how everything works, while already creating what you need.
I know how to typeset (although even here my knowledge is already outdated), but I don’t understand how animation works, for example, or managing blocks on a page or reacting to user actions. I know that everyone uses JQuery for this and it has already supplanted Javascript, but I don't understand how it all works.
But without understanding the processes, how everything works, it is unlikely that you will be able to do anything, no matter how many manuals you read, CMS and frameworks you can’t gut.
I would really like to learn everything, because this way I can implement my ideas myself, and it is better to assign tasks to coders when necessary.
I want to educate myself in this direction.
Tell me what is worth reading, studying now? Maybe there are sensible courses or master classes?
From experience, training is best for me, when they explain step by step with examples how to do this or that thing and give tasks to do something similar or develop functionality.
Ideally, it would be cool to find a mentor who would help me implement some interesting things in the format of step-by-step training. I really haven’t heard of anything like this among programmers, but more and more often I come across master classes and trainings of good designers, who, together with beginners, go step by step from the basics to complex things, sort out homework and thereby help make the world a better place.
It was not without reason that I asked at the beginning about what exactly you would start studying from scratch now. I don’t see the point of “reinventing the wheel” when you can “ride high-speed trains”. When the minimum possible time separates from studying the “materiel” and the first lines of code to a simple site or service.
Thank you.
PS dedicated to teacher's day. :-)

Answer 1

Ruby on Rails or Python on Django :)

Answer 2

Everything works outrageously simple.
1. There is html code. It's like a form in Delphi, only more formalized - page markup. In fact, the same technologies are now used for the desktop, only not html is used, but other varieties of XML.
2. There is client-side programming - these are interactive form elements without contacting the server. Those. this is some kind of code that controls the static form and turns it into dynamics. There is only one language here - javascript and a lot of lotions to it.
3. There is a server side. To fill all this dynamics with data, give new forms, etc. you need to store them somewhere and give them to the client side. This is what server programming is used for - a combat script + database. The programming languages ​​used here are very different. Their main differences:
- Ecosystem (DBs, servers, and even IDEs used)
- Ways to launch combat instances on the server.
- Any language features (this is less important actually).
For web programming, you need to master html + javascript + any server ecosystem (language + database + tools for development and administration) and know how to glue it together.

Answer 3

You can also use python on Flask

Answer 4

Look at php, rails, asp.net, python. Whatever you like more on that and go ahead. Well, jQuery, of course. Personally, I advise asp.net - learn c #, this will allow you to write not only web applications, but also all the rest (mobile, desktop, etc.) without retraining.

Answer 5

I would study perl again, from frameworks - catalyst, if a framework is not needed, then at least moose for oop.
perl is out of fashion now, but it is not going to die. Documentation, books and most importantly, various modules for it - the sea.
python and ruby ​​are dynamically developing languages, but this does not make them better by default.

Answer 6

“that everyone uses JQuery for this and it has already supplanted Javascript” is a false statement.
The JS + PHP bundle seems to me the most standard.

Answer 7

HTML-CSS-JS-JQuery
PHP-Laravel

Answer 8

Ruby on Rails of course. At least for the sake of understanding the general structure, all other web solutions in other languages ​​somehow copy rails. Then it will be easy to migrate to any platform, even to php with frameworks, even to python-django, even to node.js with railwayjs, even to erlang with ChicagoBoss.
True, for comfortable work you need a Linux-like axis. If you are on Windows, you will have to learn how to deploy Linux on virtualbox and work with it over the network.

Answer 9

For a quick start on the web, Coffeescript is a good fit. It is quite simple and was designed taking into account the experience of javascript.

Answer 10

Look here for courses + a good community will allow you to quickly decide and learn.