What to choose for writing a web page with authorization and working with a database?

Question

ruby

Hello everyone, I need help choosing!
In the organization where I work, there was a need to make a database with web access, inside the corporate network. The database at the initial stage is needed for a lawyer, it will store powers of attorney, claims, lawsuits, etc. In the future, if everything goes well, then contracts, invoices, etc.
That lawyer is me. I have no experience in development in anything, I don’t consider creating a database in Microsoft Access to be any kind of experience. Since I have always been fond of IT technologies and I am a regular reader of habrahabr.ru (I began to doubt the correctness of choosing my profession), I decided to make a database in my free time and at the same time learn some language.
After reading a lot about languages, frameworks, cms, their comparisons and reviews, I still couldn't decide where to start.
The task is simple: access to the site through an authorization form, or through Active Directory (MS Windows Server 2012, Exchange Server, MS SQL runs inside the network) and work with a document database (creation, assignment of a number, filling out a form, printing, storing a scan, search by number or other details, etc.)
What will advise for a beginner, where to start, with PHP, Java, Python, ruby, some kind of framework, but so as not to stretch it for years and was there any prospect?
PS Please do not offer paid products (1C-bitrix, Sharepoint, etc.).
Solution:
Thanks to everyone who wrote comments.
After studying the proposals, the choice fell on Java, namely Groovy / Grails. Although this is not pure Java, no one forbids using it, and from here one more plus, if something cannot be solved using Grails, you can always find it in Java, and there are a lot of these solutions.

Answer 1

I'll also add a couple of words. Respondents are somehow cut off from the world. Which C# .NET, which Java? Have you fallen from the oak tree? I understand that everyone pulls the blanket in their direction, but a person has never encountered this. What do you advise him? I didn’t see anything worthwhile with which to start studying.
Standard for web development is the xAMP software stack (where x is the name of the operating system). Apache, MySQL, PHP. The lion's share of web projects is developed with their help. So start learning about them. And leave Java alone. :) You don't need it. I do not recommend using any CMS at all. It is better to start with the "bricks".
To get started, make (if you don’t want to create something at each stage of learning, then just learn it) a static site in HTML and CSS. This is the first place to start. Then add PHP here. Then JS. Don't use pure JS. Use Jquery - the world's most popular library for developing various "dynamics" on the site (AJAX, various events, sliders, engines). There are many different plugins for jQuery. Pay attention to site building security. Once you understand these things, you can start using the framework. Of the frameworks, I advise Laravel (objectively good, a large community has gathered around it, inspired by Ruby, and Ruby is considered almost the standard for "goodness", logical, powerful and easy to use). For development, I advise you to use Sublime text.
Where to start studying. There are courses by Evgeny Popov, who are very much scolded and not in vain. But you need to separate the wheat from the chaff. He copes with his task well - to give a quick start in development. And you will correct errors and other imperfections of his code later. Through these courses, you can gain an initial understanding. Further, I advise courses from the center Specialist in web development (they have full-fledged, very high-quality courses about site building security and about server settings, about jquery and about php). But, in general, you know what? .. Start with them, and unless something is clear to you, well, absolutely, then only in this case return to Popov ... as a last resort. The specialist gives an excellent base. These are full-fledged courses with manuals and tasks.
Learn Order:
HTML and CSS Level 1
HTML and CSS level 2
PHP level 1-4 (Borisov Igor Olegovich, he has an interesting dialect, but everyone is very praised for the excellent presentation of information)
Designing website security and effective protection against
JavaScript attacks. Level 1. Fundamentals of web programming -
JavaScript. Level 2. Advanced features -
JavaScript. Level 3b. AJAX. Web Application Development for Web 2.0 -
Specialist. Using jQuery. Level 1. 2013
30-days-to-learn-jquery by Nettuts.
What is marked with a minus can be skipped if it seems like a lot of things. But this is the full course. Course on Jquery - should be enough. And then, I would replace it with this - https://courses.tutsplus.com/courses/30-days-to-le...An excellent resource tutsplus, but this is the case if there are no problems with the language. Jeffrey has a lot of stuff, very high quality stuff.
All that described - paid. But here I will finish talking about this and you will understand me, because, I hope, you will not consider this a problem.
For Windows development, use OpenServer.
There is still the next stage of studying and organizing all this kotovasiya, but this will be enough for you to fully study the topic, and then you can return to the next stage. :)

Answer 2

The simplest thing in your case is joomla or drupal or any other popular CMS + all sorts of plug-in modules for them, here's the Joomla module for authorization through AD
. on some framework.

Answer 3

Based on your task, I think it will be easier to look at C # .NET. (out of the box and support for MS SQL, and Exchange Server, etc.)

Answer 4

I would do your task in general on what SharePoint thread would do.

Answer 5

You can easily do all this in PHP. In principle, all of the languages ​​listed have suitable functionality. Therefore, it remains only to be guided by the lowest cost of development and support.