What should be rendered in a Wordpress theme?

Question

Design

I started to draw a template for WordPress, the questions arose:
1) What pages, in addition to the main one, the post type (with and without a column of widgets), do you need to draw and layout in order to get a fully functional theme?
2) Widgets by the type of calendars, meta tags, recent comments, do they need to be drawn separately or are they set by a common style?
3) A set of shortcodes, for example, like Sparkling , are set by additional plugins or inside the theme?

Answer 1

In the minimum configuration
Category
Single post
Static page
404 page
Widgets provided by the engine.
Comments
Gallery

Answer 2

What is the purpose of your template. Shortcodes are usually integrated into a theme. Widgets in general style yes.