What resources are available with grants or competitions for independent researchers?

Question

Mathematics

Now on the Internet there is a lot of different information about how grants are given for schoolchildren, students, and graduate students. And does anyone know resources with grants or competitions for independent researchers: those who do science themselves without a university7

Answer 1

There is quite a lot of information, because each such event is quite heavily covered. In principle, there are grants for the Millennium Tasks . In addition, you can look for errors in Knut's books - you will be awarded a check with his signature.
But purely mathematical grants can be counted on the fingers. But there are many purely applied problems. Like designing a space elevator or a lunar rover .

Answer 2

If you work on your own, then most likely you need an investor.
If a grant is given to a university, this (I suppose) is due to the fact that the university should at least somehow account for this grant - at best, achieving the goals for which this grant was allocated. The university has a name, there are people with degrees, and so on. You can be some kind of laboratory assistant at 0.1 rate at the university and write applications for a grant, but I can’t imagine a person who is ready to distribute money (grants) to someone unknown.
Only solving problems with already announced rewards.