What is the name of this piece of code?

Question

Laravel

Hello, I started to study OOP in more detail. I delved into LARAVEL from the point of view of how it works.
And I came across that in functions, instead of a data type, they use this:
They use the Request class located in Illuminate\Http\Request, as I understand it.
What is it called to google? I want to understand how it works.

use Illuminate\Http\Request; (пространство имен)
class Far
{	
 --->        public function test (Request $request) {
    return $request;
  }
}

Answer 1

type hinting

Answer 2

Read about: dependency injection Have
a look here: https://laravel.com/docs/5.6/container