What is the best way to implement private media files?

Question

Django

simple model:

class File(BaseModel):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=255, null=True)
    content_type = models.CharField(max_length=255, null=True)
    file = models.FileField()

Any user can access media files: mysite.com/media/file/asdasdsadsad.jpg .
It is necessary to make sure that users have permission to view certain files.
What can you advise how to implement it? As I understand it, nginx will issue only "public files", and already at the django level, make the issue of "private files".