What does such a link mean?

Question

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Usually, when switching from VK, the link is like this https://vk.com/away.php?to=http, but what does a link like this http://away.vk.com/away.php?adaato= mean?

Answer 1

You need to ask the VK developers about this.
Some kind of intermediate link, it can be anything. Today this, tomorrow another, the day after tomorrow the third. From the user's point of view, this is something that flickers in the address bar when going to another site, that's all.
This is necessary so that the target site does not recognize the URL of the page from which the referrer field was used, which the browser usually passes to sites. Otherwise, just the target site will be able to indirectly calculate personal information about the user (preferences, for example).
Or, on the contrary, if VK has some kind of agreement with the target site, then perhaps VK wants to transfer the user id so that the site can target ads and stuff like that.
In general, you can guess for a long time. And the question essentially violates clause 2.3 of the rules, so it will most likely be deleted.

Answer 2

This is a link filter file from VK.
When a "left" link is opened, a redirect occurs to the away.php file, in which it checks the link for maliciousness, for availability (is the link not prohibited in the VK database), etc. if everything is fine, you will redirect from this file to a link.