What are the VPS backup methods?

Question

linux

Tell me, fashionable youth ways to backup VPS servers.
Ideally, of course, the backup should be host-independent and allow you to deploy the entire machine (but I don’t believe in fairy tales much).
The task, as I understand it, is divided into two subtasks:
1. backup software (about tar and rsync - I know)
2. Where to store backups.
I understand that there will be no completely free solution, but I would like to pay less. For example, dropbox - for my taste is very expensive for this.
upd: Servers with OS and architecture are given to me as a given and cannot be changed (otherwise I use docker/ansible)

Answer 1

1. Whole machine. Google gentoo stage 4, this way I save and drag images of anything (Gentoo, Debian/Ubuntu, RedHat) between any hosts. I am slightly editing the file in which we describe what should not be included in the archive. They made a machine, set it up, made it stage4.
2. Data storage. Changed data should be backed up separately from the machine image. So that at some point you could lift her out of the image and roll everything that was. Depending on the database and content, look, stupidly mysqldump by cron and /srv/www by cron, for example, wrap it in an archive and backup.
3rd place. If you carefully approach it, then the Amazon S3 will come out in a penny. Or take a couple more VPS where to merge and delete the excess.
Here are dumb solutions that might help.