What are the analogues of applications for GNU/Linux from Windows?

Question

linux

Good afternoon.
Now the organization has a server running Win2k8r2. For some reason, I want to migrate two servers to GNU/LINUX.
When choosing an OS, I settled on Ubuntu Server, as the closest to me, although they promise to deliver VoIP on CentOS soon, and as a platform unification, I may choose it.
Servers now use the following set of software:
1) Exchange
2) ActiveDirectory
3) DFS
4) RDP
5) 1C file version, users connect to it via RDP
6) DHCP
7) Sharing files on the basis of groups in ActiveDirectory
8) Printers (HP, Canon)
Like everything.
What came to my mind first:
1) Postfix or Sendmail. But I don't know if it's possible to connect outlook to them in the same way as to Exchange? Is there something like Microsoft exchange troubleshooting assistant. I actively use it to find out, for example, whether a letter has left a certain box or not.
2) LDAP. Will it be possible to link it to Postfix or Sendmail from the first point? Does it support adding smartphones to the domain (there are several BlackBerry, Apple, WinPhone that should be in the domain)? Create groups?
3) Here I don't know.
4) I saw the client version. But there is no server.
5) To reduce the load on the network, 1C was installed on the server. Users on the desktop launch a special shortcut that initiates an RDP connection to the server. And now they do not need to pull about 20GB over the network.
6) DHCP - there must be something. Well, or in extreme cases, this function can be hung on Mikrotik
7) Intersects with point 3), but I have not met with this.
8) There must be something like that too.
Are there any thoughts on these points? Now I will put everything on a test machine, for proof of concept, in order to learn it myself and then show the management how everything will work.
Well, I would like all or most of the solutions to be with a GUI interface. I understand that this is lamerism, but I don’t know who will come after me to administer all this (and whether it will come at all) well, for a start it won’t be so scary :)

Answer 1

1. Native Exchange naturally works best with Outlook. But, there are options. The first thing that will fall off and you will have to look for a replacement for it is autodiscover. On Linux, you will need to configure a web server that, upon request to autodiscover.domain.ru, will send the necessary XML file. I am not familiar with troubleshooting in this case, I think there is some kind of web muzzle for this.
There are ready-made solutions, for example, Zimbra. They exist in open source and are generally not bad.
2. Yes, it will be possible to link. LDAP is universal. Does it support mobile platforms, I think yes, too, though I don’t know for sure. In any case, you will most likely have to cut it.
3. You can set up symlinks on Samba. For replication, you can look on the Internet, which will suit you. There are paid solutions. And again, you have to cut!
4. Here you will switch to analogue. There are options in the form of VNC or launching a remote desktop via X11 forwarding in SSH
5. The question remains with the server. Move 1C to Linux?
6. Naturally there is DHCP. Mikrotik IMHO with dkhtsp copes extremely slowly.
7. Yes, everything is there, everything will have to be configured with pens
8. It didn’t work out for me with printers in Linux, I can’t tell you. The drivers were not especially pleased.
You have to think ten more times. Especially if you are not familiar with Linux at a level sufficient to accomplish your plan.
Maybe in the end it will be cheaper to buy a new one based on MS than your dancing with a tambourine for an unknown amount of time. And if you consider that out of ignorance you can "ruin" the working hours of your colleagues, the company can lose even more. A reliable backup or reliable assistants behind your back would not hurt you. Good luck.

Answer 2

3) WebDAV. The closest use case is Yandex.Disk.
4) Do you need RDP clients? They are full, google. If purely for Linux, then VNC.
5) Similarly.
6) Yes.
7) If means for WebDAV to nginx. In general, it will turn out more reliable than any windows solutions.
8) Network printers. If not network - they can be shared through CUPS. Very simple: localhost:631
I'll add it. Pay attention to cloud solutions. There are a lot of cloud software that you can host yourself.