Unrest of the beginner of the System Administrator or Life will teach?

Question

System administration

Good day to everyone, I would like to hear advice on some issues of Administration from people who have already gone through fire and water, so to speak)
Below I will tell you about my skills and the scope of work, and what questions have arisen since I first got a job in this position.
So, let's begin.
I have an education in the field of network technologies. I am fairly well versed in Server Administration (Like Win, so nix systems. Since the age of 16 I have been lifting server Linux from under the console, setting up services there for networking, etc. Also Win servers, but there myself the process is clear, the matter is simpler). I also understand working with domains.
I have experience in virtualization platforms (Like vmware and virtual box, I also trained in them and made bundles of various servers and client machines)
I can also configure switches and routers of levels 2 and 3 (D-link and Cisco), both on the devices themselves, and in JNS and in the Packet tracer.
I also have some experience in the repair of small equipment and cable laying.
Now about the work itself.
In general, there are about 20 stations in the company. There is a firewall. Only level 1 switches, which are in small firms. Naturally, the job is to support the network, and to ensure the operation of computers and peripherals.
And here are the questions that I'm a little worried about.
1) The first is the organization of work itself, that is, in simple words, not the technical part, but such moments as, for example, how the money request tool works in general (Something broke and, for example, you stomp to the authorities and beg for money for it) or how to organize some check on all computers of the company (After all, people work, chaos will begin).
2) The second is interaction with employees, that is, again (Something broke and some accountant grandmothers start op or quietly ask to install illegal software, but you naturally can’t). That is, in general, what position should you take here? all dissatisfaction to answer, I'm a sys admin, I know better? :D
3) The third is such a technical issue as competent tracking of what is broken in your grid. I know that in the field of technical support there are methods of downward and upward diagnostics according to the Axis model (In other words, you start a great investigation either from the physical level and ending applied or
vice versa. the left software to the company, uncles will come and you will fly in full. But how to protect yourself from this in general. you're interfering with work)
Or, for example, the last admin, installed something on computers, and for example, you missed some program. Then uncles come, they find an illegal soft and you are accused of all the problems of the universe? And if so, how to get out of this situation.
And in the end, I would like to ask about the concept: Free for non-commercial use. It turns out that the same Ubuntu cannot be installed on a company server.
Thank you all for reading and for your replies

Answer 1

Do not tell anyone about layer 1 switches ... OSI models, as I understand it?)
For your questions:
1) Money is usually planned for a year or a quarter in advance. Those. it is clear that the piece of iron cannot cope, that there are no spare parts, etc. You tell the management that they say like this and that, I need this and that because like this and that. Otherwise, it will be like this and we will sit here without a nifiga. If the management is adequate, then part of the requirements will be approved and allocate money for this. Therefore, you can immediately ask for 20 percent more :)
Checks - depending on what. For viruses, it is better at night, or on Friday. The computer itself turns off after checking or turns on for it. Need more specifics :)
2) Users are our everything. It all depends on the ability to please people) Consider that they all understand little and you need to explain everything to them in detail. This achieves the goal a) you will be thanked b) advanced users will be a nice gift :) If you lead correctly, they will also yearn for cakes.
As for pirated software, everyone decides for himself. I always and everywhere say a firm no, because if anything, they will take me by the ass. But, again, I explain why I will not bet. If you are forced to bet - think about it.
3) Model OSI it does not depend on scales. At least 4, at least 400 knots.
I would recommend installing a monitoring system on servers and network. We do not touch users. For fun, you can do everything on scripts if there are not very many servers
4) I wrote about installing the software above. About monitoring - for good, the software must be cleaned out. There are always analogues that will do everything that the user needs. It just needs some clarification. Oh, and management support. You can show him fines jur. persons.
Combining the answers to points 3 and 4 - the GLPI system will help you.
Free for non-commercial use - means exactly what is written. At home - please, at the jur. faces - nini. You can install Ubuntu, I don’t know where you found such an item)
It worked out a lot, but you also have global questions)
In summary - look for support in the face of management. Nothing without her.

Answer 2

2 books that pretty well expanded my horizons in these matters:
Time management for system administrators
System and network administration. Practical...

Answer 3

1) If something breaks down for someone, let’s inform the authorities, for example:
Vasya Pupkin’s monitor burned out,
we come to the authorities and say - the new one is the same (as similar as possible) costs so much, they
gave money - they bought it, they replaced
it not far away - they scored it and do other things, if Vasya is on screams at you - we make a helpless gesture and send it to the authorities.
2) A complex question with many unknown variables, it all depends on the specific firm of employees, and so on.
3) 20 stations are a couple of switches, I can’t imagine what it takes to diagnose there for a long time
4) It is necessary to agree upon employment, it is also quite logical that you cannot be responsible for what you do not control, if you need to put things in order, we raise the domain controller. we cut the rights for everyone, we reinstall the axis on all machines, we put the software only for work. all requests to put something left / crooked - we freeze and say that it’s just software for them and the article threatens you.
5) Ubuntu is free in the truest sense of the word and all software in standard repositories is also completely free without restrictions on commercial use - read www.ubuntu.com/about/about-ubuntu/licensing

Answer 4

20 computers is very little. Especially if the office is right next to you. So you calmly take the company for service, demolish the pirated software, cut the rights to users, give the Wi-Fi password (so that they scroll through VK from phones / tablets) and register at the office for a week. This week you set up remote work for yourself in every possible way, drink coffee with accounting and cognac with the director, slowly diagnose computers, if there are problems, stay overnight or for the weekend. Theoretically, this is the end of the work, it remains only on Friday evening to update the servers and solve stupid problems such as 1s blocking by calls. Everything is remote, of course.
З. ы. дружи с директором и бухами. Директор поможет грамотно послать всех, кому нужен симс2 на рабочем компе, а бухи - оперативно получать деньги на новое железо. А ещё у бухов обычно проблемы чаще всех возникают - если им грамотно объяснить, что само ничего не ломается и во всех проблемах виноваты только они сами, жить становится намного проще.

Answer 5

1) In each organization in different ways, as it happened, it is. If a certain practice has already developed, you will either have to follow it or fight it. It turns out only on the spot. There are no standards.
If the organization is young and certain foundations have not yet developed - the flag is in your hands, create new orders.
2) it depends on you how you put yourself, in general, it will be as you want, unless of course certain habits of interaction with the administrator have already developed.
General advice - do not be atrocious, do not be boring, try to do everything for the benefit of users, but do not let them sit on their necks and push around.
3) As you do so it will be. Google to the rescue. Anything is a complete mess, either keeping records in a notebook / Excel, or the coolest software for monitoring programs, licenses and hardware, which stands like a wing from an airplane.
4) Coming to the company - make an inventory of the installed software.
What is where. This software was not installed by you, and its licensing is not your concern.
If a question arises on it - you have nothing to do with it, another admin installed the software, look for it and ask questions.
That is, it is not your concern to check the licensedness of the installed software (unless it is directly stated in the contract or in the service manual).
But the software that you install yourself is a clear principle, you are convinced of the license, you install it, otherwise you refuse. Well, this is if there is no desire to then have problems with the law.
Although if you think that no one will dig, and everything will be cool, and they pay well, you can take a chance. But you have to understand what you are risking.
Never write any service, and other documents, from which it follows that you know about the installed pirated software.

Answer 6

The organization is really different everywhere, and as usual, you will have to work. If something does not suit you, then you can slowly change the foundations, enlisting support, if it’s completely a burden, leave. When you need money for something, you need to justify it. With a good justification, the authorities will allocate money. For example, you need to buy a new UPS for servers, because. constant surges in electricity, the old one does not save (it does not have time to switch, and the new one works directly from batteries), the loss of a server can turn into big expenses (indicate the price of the server), purchasing a new UPS solves all problems. With such a justification, the authorities will understand the need to allocate money, and once again they will be able to make sure that the administrator is competent.
Users are different, but if you have patience and do not get nervous once again, then it is much easier to work. Something urgent broke, when you try to fix it, they stand over your soul and yell - and you explain: "I'm doing my best, the less you distract me with your discontent, the faster the problem will be solved." Illegal software cannot be installed, even if you really want to. You can offer to write a memo addressed to the director, they say, I ask you to install such and such software. And to apply your resolution to such a service: the software costs so much, you can buy and install, if you don’t buy, then there will be such a fine, with a possible such period. The main thing to understand is that all these services are not excuses in case of something, this is to intimidate those who want to install left-handed software. In the case of illegal software, in any case, the admin is to blame. Therefore, it is better to immediately revise the hardware and software, you can do it on the weekend so as not to distract people from work. Anything left to clean up. If necessary, look for free analogues. In case of misunderstandings with the license, you can contact a full-time lawyer (if available and not busy).
Control is needed. You can start with an inventory database in Excel, then look for a more suitable tool for yourself, for example, the same GLPI. In general, you need to look for all the tools for yourself, which will be more convenient.
And so you have to be polite, honest, and respect your work, and then everything will be fine.

Answer 7

maybe just add http to the url

Answer 8

src: url("wickedlysmart.com/hfhtmlcss/chapter8/journal/Emble..."),
url("wickedlysmart.com/hfhtmlcss/chapter8/journal/Emble...");

what is this record? where exactly is she referring to?