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Database normalization in the strict sense is bringing the data in the database to one of the normal forms . And normal forms are described for the relational data model. Thus, normalization in the strict sense is not applicable to NoSQL databases (with the exception of those that also implement the relational model).
However, the term "normalization" is often used in a loose sense, as a synonym for "reducing or eliminating data redundancy", and in this sense it is quite applicable to NoSQL databases. But at the same time, it must be remembered that many NoSQL databases often recommend using, on the contrary, redundant (and perhaps even partially internally contradictory) data to speed up work. On this topic, it is useful to read about the CAP theorem .
The decision to store documents in different collections is the essence of normalization. Conversely, the solution to store different documents in the same collection is denormalization.
realprogrammer.wordpress.com/2012/05/16/relational-data-in-a-document-oriented-nosql-database-part-1-universal-relation/
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