Linux, Bash, How to convert text to bytes?

Question

linux

How to convert text to bytes?
And then translate the bytes back into text?
I think it is necessary to translate into another number system from 10 to 2-rich chtoli?
But again the question is how?

Answer 1

$ echo 'test' | perl -lpe '$_=unpack"B*"'
01110100011001010111001101110100

$ echo 01110100011001010111001101110100 | perl -lpe '$_=pack"B*",$_'
test

Answer 2

And what, the text is no longer bytes? Since when?
What do you need? base64 to do? Or change encoding?