Laptop upgrade: how to choose accessories?

Question

linux

Good day.
Since 2013 I have been working on a Lenovo G580 Computer .
I decided to calculate how much it would cost to replace components with newer ones, and would it make sense.
The operating system is Ubuntu. I use my computer mainly for development. I often work a lot with virtual machines and containers. I don't do Machine Learning, but a discrete graphics card would be interesting.
Unfortunately, I do not understand how to select components for compatibility. I don't know much about the current laptop. Basically this is the output of the command dmidecode: pastebin.com/Myw6wWZg
Pulled information about the socket from the output of this command Socket rPGA988B, googled: www.cpu-world.com/Sockets/Socket%20G2%20(rPGA988B).html
It turns out that all these processors fit my motherboard? Or how to choose the right one?
Further, I would like to insert an SDD disk instead of a CD-Drive. But again, the question is, what interface should be? As I understand it, if only SATA2 is available, then there will be no point in an SSD?
Another question regarding the output of information about the RAM.
Given two values Speed: 800 MHz​​and Configured Clock Speed: 1600 MHz. It turns out that my RAM is not working at full speed? Or do I not understand the output?

Memory Device
  Array Handle: 0x0028
  Error Information Handle: 0x002B
  Total Width: 64 bits
  Data Width: 64 bits
  Size: 4096 MB
  Form Factor: SODIMM
  Set: None
  Locator: DIMM0
  Bank Locator: BANK 0
  Type: DDR3
  Type Detail: Synchronous
  Speed: 800 MHz
  Manufacturer: Unknown
  Serial Number: 00000000
  Asset Tag: Unknown
  Part Number: CMSX4GX3M1A1600C9
  Rank: 1
  Configured Clock Speed: 1600 MHz

Well, from all this questions:

1. How can I choose a processor for a particular laptop ?
   
2. How to understand which interface can be used for an SSD drive ?
   
3. How to select and insert an SSD ?
   
4. Is everything in order with the RAM or is it not working at full capacity?
   
5. Is it possible and worth it to upgrade the motherboard ?
   
6. Is it possible to implement a discrete graphics card ?
   

Well, I would like advice about the components themselves. What to look for?

Answer 1

At the g580 itself, I replaced the processor and installed 2 ssds, the flight is normal.
First of all, you need to know the chipset model and the maximum TDP of the processor. On the Intel website in the description of the chipset there is a link to compatible products. There you can select the processor. For example, I have an hm76 chipset and a maximum TDP of 35w, so only 2 core i7 models were suitable. And the maximum memory is 8GB.
The disk is easy to change, two bolts on the back cover and pull it down. Unscrew the old one and screw on the new SSD. You can buy a box to insert your HDD instead of a DVD, but I put another SSD in there.
The growth is noticeable. Good luck.

Answer 2

Replacing the processor is not a fact, and not the main thing, although you can search.
Ideally, two 8GB memory sticks, a 256GB SSD, take the existing HDD into the DVD compartment or into an external box.

But again, the question is, what interface should be? As I understand it, if only SATA2 is available, then there will be no point in an SSD?

You misunderstand. The meaning of the SSD will be very big.
And what kind of SATA2 or SATA3 interface is absolutely unimportant , and does not affect in any way.
By the way, SSD will be useful even on SATA1
1) The socket is known, see which processors are put into these modifications and choose.
In general, it is better to contact those who repair laptops, there is a chance to find an inexpensive used processor.
2) It doesn't matter, don't bother with such things.
3) Choose an SSD of the right size, from a well-known manufacturer, and stick it in place of a regular disk. Problems can only be with thickness, and then rarely, but just in case, measure the thickness of the installed one.
4) You have little of it, add it.
5)Not necessary.
6) No.

Answer 3

Something the question is similar to .... Google / Yandex for what?
You have a laptop, upgrade options are few and very expensive.
All that can be changed is: processor, memory and hard drive.
You have a maximum of 8 GB of memory. SSDs are compatible from top to bottom. SATA3 will work in SATA2 as well.
You probably won't replace the video card. Motherboard ... oh, don't tell me. Buy a new laptop or computer right away.
Everything is fine with the operator.
In general, you are directly expensive in the SC. Where will they tell you what to change. Otherwise, you yourself will get a brick.

Answer 4

1. Watch by socket and by TDP.
   The best upgrade would be to replace the RAM to 16GB or more, install an ssd. Instead of an SSD, you can make a RAM disk, then the speeds will be several orders of magnitude greater than any existing SSD.