Is there a difference in laptop performance between mains and battery?

Question

Iron

in the Windows settings, the power consumption scheme is twisted to the maximum in both options.
Are there hardware limits due to lack of current from the battery or does it work the same way as from the mains?

Answer 1

On my laptop, when the charging is turned off, the frequencies on the discrete sag. Even mpv with hardware decoding starts to lag. It does not depend on the OS, it is not treated with settings.

Answer 2

The degree of throttling depends on the specific device. In modern BIOSes, the power consumption and current in different operating modes of the CPU and GPU are clearly stated, plus the voltage is monitored, so power throttling is constantly triggered there, and if the battery is old or very dead, then there will be more throttling. Also, when working from a battery, throttling is stronger so that the laptop's operating time is not measured in minutes.
Similarly, in mobile phones, the same iPhone, for example, trot on old batteries so that it does not suddenly pass out under load and so that the operating time remains at the same level.

Answer 3

The battery can usually deliver more current than an external charger.
It comes to the point that some laptops at maximum load discharge the battery even when connected to the network, because they do not have enough PSU power.
So purely from an electrical point of view - no, there should not be a difference. Another thing is that the firmware / BIOS may have its own opinion about the permissible loads when running on battery power.
In general, your question should be asked about a specific laptop model.