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Is the Linux architecture monolithic?
1. Why they say that the Linux architecture is monolithic if the demons are taken out of the kernel, which is more like a microkernel.
2. If the service is not running in kernel mode, then how does it have rights?
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Probably because Linux is only a kernel. And it is monolithic.
Daemons are already an OS, which is at a higher level of abstraction, and Linux is only part of the system there.
Here it seems to be quite clearly written how the microkernel differs from the monolith - https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microkernel
The point, apparently, is that the kernel of the Linux operating system is monolithic, unlike the more advanced microkernels of other operating systems:
the XNU kernel of the MacOSX operating system and the NT kernel of the Windows operating system.
There are no problems with rights. The kernel, at the request of a trusted daemon, will do whatever it asks.
If you're interested in this topic, I recommend reading about the FreeBSD architecture, which is a mixed microkernel/monolithic architecture; about the Mach architecture, where you can run individual cores as daemons; about the QNX architecture, which is considered the best implementation of microkernel operating systems.
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