Is “slavery” in IT possible nowadays?

Question

Law in IT

background

работаю в операторе связи, разработчиком, в офисе.
Это не шараш-контора, существует с начала нулевых годов. И все вроде бы неплохо, если не сравнительно низкая зп (25к рублей) и необходимость решать за эти деньги весьма сложные, а иной раз головоломные задачи.
Поэтому подумываю оттуда уйти через полгода, вначале на фриланс.
Руководство предупредил.
На что руководитель мне ответил, что отберет у меня паспорт))
Это конечно шутка, но как известно, в каждой шутке есть доля правды, поэтому я насторожился. Начальство можно понять - за такую зп и на такие задачи опытного человека найти будет сложно, а новичка придется обучать, вводить в курс дела. А это тот еще геморрой, с учетом низкой компетенции - активных проектов более десятка, работа некоторых из них критически важна, их простой недопустим. Торговаться за повышение зп я не хочу - сильно много все равно не предложат, а нагрузка только возрастет. Да и обстановку сменить хочется. Чувствую, что реально готов уйти в свободное плавание.

So, they don't want to let me go. What leverage does the employer have to forcibly keep me at work?)
Business relations are formalized with him through an individual entrepreneur.
Maybe I'm worried for nothing?
But even it seems to me that they can drive me into debt in one way or another)

Answer 1

ONCE
, in accordance with paragraph 22 of the Regulations on the passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 8, 1997 N 828 (an extract from this provision is available in the passport of any citizen of the Russian Federation), it is prohibited to withdraw a passport from a citizen, except as provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
a citizen who has made such a seizure may be held administratively liable under part 2 of article 19.17 of the Code of Administrative Offenses (“Acceptance of a document proving the identity of a citizen (passport) as a pledge”) with the imposition of a penalty in the form of a warning or an administrative fine in the amount of 100 rubles .
you can try to prosecute under Part 2 of Article 325 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (“Theft of a passport or other important personal document from a citizen”), punishable by a fine of up to 80,000 rubles or in the amount of wages or other income of the convicted person for a period up to 6 months, or by compulsory works for up to 360 hours, or by corrective labor for up to 1 year, or by arrest for up to 3 months.
The Supreme Court came to the conclusion that the contract for the provision of paid services between an individual entrepreneur and an organization can be recognized as labor (Determination of February 27, 2017 No. 302-KG17-382).
There are signs that make it possible to distinguish between an employment contract and civil law contracts, such as:
performance of work under an employment contract involves the inclusion of an employee in the production activities of the organization;
the employment contract provides for the subordination of the employee to the internal labor schedule, its constituent element is the fulfillment of the employer's orders in the process of work, for improper execution of which the employee may be subject to disciplinary liability
according to the employment contract, the employee performs work of a certain kind, and not a one-time task of the customer.
In addition, Art. 57 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation provides for the essential conditions of an employment contract:
place of work (indicating the structural unit);
date of commencement of work;
the name of the position, specialty, profession, indicating qualifications in accordance with the staffing of the organization or a specific labor function.
According to Part 4 of Art. 5.27 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, evasion of execution or improper execution of an employment contract or the conclusion of a civil law contract that actually regulates labor relations between an employee and an employer, entails the imposition of an administrative fine:
on officials - in the amount of 10,000 to 20,000 rubles;
for legal entities - in the amount of 50,000 to 100,000 rubles.

Answer 2

Business relations are formalized with him through IP.

Does that mean you don't have an employment contract? Then read the contract that was concluded as an individual entrepreneur with this organization. It is in it that sanctions can be provided for unilateral termination of the contract.

Answer 3

None. Legal at least.
And so variations are possible - equipment that is registered with you and you did not hand it over on paper, well, etc.

Answer 4

Legally, not legally, you can break both your passport and your leg