Is it possible to synchronize data streams from two com ports in pyhton?

Question

Python

I am writing technical specifications for the program, I don’t understand whether my fantasies are realizable.

Introductory: An arduino hangs on one com port, which controls the motors that move the sensor. The sensor is connected to another com port.

Simplified question: is it possible to log once per second the value from the sensor and the corresponding value of the sensor coordinate? Will there be desynchronization?

Complicated question: The sensor transmits 6000 values ​​per second, these values ​​per second must be averaged. Arduina about once a second (sometimes a little less often) transmits new sensor coordinates. I suppose to continuously write to the stack with a length of 6000 values ​​​​from the sensor, and when the arduina sends a signal about a new coordinate, remember this new coordinate, wait half a second, and write the stored coordinate and the average value from the sensor for the previous second to the log.
Can I use this method to write down the unambiguous corresponding to each other coordinates of the sensor and the signal from it?
How much desynchronization will I have to accept?
Where are the pitfalls?

What to read to understand how such things are done correctly in Phyton?