Is it possible to convert latin1 to utf-8?

Question

MySQL

The hosting had latin1 encoding for a very long time, I decided to look into the database, and instead of Russian characters there were krakozyabras
I understood the reason, but I don’t know how to fix and recode latin1 to utf-8 without losing the base itself ...
How to do it right, so that nothing didn't it break?

Answer 1

Save the database backup to a file

mysqldump --user=USERNAME -p --default-character-set=latin1 -c --insert-ignore --skip-set-charset -r file.sql DATABASE_NAME

Converting to UTF-8

iconv -f utf8 -t cp1252 file.sql | iconv -f cp1251 -t utf8 | sed -e 's/latin1/utf8/g' > file-utf8.sql

Emptying the base

mysql --user=USERNAME -p --execute="DROP DATABASE DATABASE_NAME; CREATE DATABASE DATABASE_NAME CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;"

Uploading the corrected database

mysql --user=USERNAME --max_allowed_packet=16M -p --default-character-set=utf8 DATABASE_NAME < file-utf8.sql

Something like this