Is it bad practice to hide the h1 tag with vissually-hidden if the designer hasn't added it to the layout?

Question

css

In the html academy courses, I saw such a trick as hiding the h1-h2 headings using vissually-hidden. Isn't this a black seo element? and not punished by a robot?

Answer 1

No, unless you give the user and the crawler different data.
Cloaking is when a sheet of text and a div with it is hidden, the user and the robot see different things.
But now the theme with the sheet and h1 \ h2 has become obsolete, because as more than 100 factors now play a role.
Here