If the employee worked without a contract, is it with a legal point of view written by him in the course of work the code is the property of the company?

Question

Programming

Actually, the question is in the topic. I once read on Habré that if you change the names of the variables, it will already be a completely different code, and in general, any claims are simply unrepresentable. Does this mean that there is no intellectual property for the code as such in the software and application market (it is possible to rewrite the code with other patterns, a different style and other variables, even in a different language, while retaining the functionality)? And in fact, if a person worked without an outsourcing contract, he will not be responsible for such rewriting?
Of course, I myself understand that intellectual property in relation to code is absurd, the level of abstraction is too high. But how then is all this regulated? Purely encryption and obfuscation, like Zend Guard (Zend Encoder) and others?

Answer 1

There is an excellent article, check out: geektimes.ru/post/173265
Especially with point 5

Answer 2

all small software is not regulated because no one needs it