I can't fix the exception. Don't know what's the problem?

Question

Delphi

the point is. that I write the text in "Richedit" and calculate the probability of dropping out the character of each letter, a bit of shit code - I'm sorry.

unit Unit1;

interface

uses
  Winapi.Windows, Winapi.Messages, System.SysUtils, System.Variants, System.Classes, Vcl.Graphics,
  Vcl.Controls, Vcl.Forms, Vcl.Dialogs, Vcl.StdCtrls, Vcl.ComCtrls;

type
  TForm1 = class(TForm)
    Button1: TButton;
    RichEdit1: TRichEdit;
    Label2: TLabel;
    Label1: TLabel;
    procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
  private
    { Private declarations }
  public
    { Public declarations }
  end;

  procedure teory(str:string);
var
  Form1: TForm1;
//  labels:array of Tlabel;
  length_text,meter: integer;
  mas:array[0..31] of integer;
  mas_simvol:array[0..31] of string;
  next_mas_simvol:array of string;
  next_mas:array of real;
  meter2 : real;

implementation

{$R *.dfm}

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
  var   m: string;
      j,i,s,meter1:integer;
      big_text:array of string;
      imov:real;
begin
      mas_simvol[0]:='а';//заполняю массив вручную алфавита
      mas_simvol[1]:='б';
      mas_simvol[2]:='в';
      mas_simvol[3]:='г';
      mas_simvol[4]:='д';
      mas_simvol[5]:='е';
      mas_simvol[6]:='є';
      mas_simvol[7]:='ж';
      mas_simvol[8]:='з';
      mas_simvol[9]:='и';
      mas_simvol[10]:='і';
      mas_simvol[11]:='ї';
      mas_simvol[12]:='й';
      mas_simvol[13]:='к';
      mas_simvol[14]:='л';
      mas_simvol[15]:='м';
      mas_simvol[16]:='н';
      mas_simvol[17]:='о';
      mas_simvol[18]:='п';
      mas_simvol[19]:='р';
      mas_simvol[20]:='с';
      mas_simvol[21]:='т';
      mas_simvol[22]:='у';
      mas_simvol[23]:='ф';
      mas_simvol[24]:='х';
      mas_simvol[25]:='ч';
      mas_simvol[26]:='ц';
      mas_simvol[27]:='ш';
      mas_simvol[28]:='щ';
      mas_simvol[29]:='ь';
      mas_simvol[30]:='ю';
      mas_simvol[31]:='я';
      meter:=0;
    label2.Caption:='';
    for i := 0 to 31 do
      begin
        mas[i]:= 0;//заполняю массив что будет потом считать количество той или иной буквы в тексте
      end;
    m:=RichEdit1.Text;
    length_text:=Length(RichEdit1.Text);

    SetLength(big_text,length_text);//задаю массиву big_text его ширину 
    for i := 0 to length_text-1  do
      begin
        big_text[i]:= Copy(m,i+1,1);
        teory(big_text[i]);
      end;//счётчик массива mas - определяет количество той или иной буквы
    for i := 0 to 31 do
        begin
          if mas[i]>0 then
          begin
           meter:= meter+1;//подсчитываю количество букв которые были в тексте отбрасывая ненужные
          end;
        end;
       meter1:=0;
       SetLength(next_mas,meter);
       SetLength(next_mas_simvol,meter);
       for i := 0 to 31 do
        begin
          if mas[i]>0 then
          begin
            imov:= mas[i]/length_text;
            next_mas[meter1]:=imov;//заполняю вероятность попадания в массив
            next_mas_simvol[meter1]:=mas_simvol[i];
            meter1:=meter1+1;
          end;
        end;
       for i := 0 to meter-1 do
          begin
            for j := 0 to meter-1 do
              begin
                if next_mas[j]>next_mas[j+1] then
                  begin
                    meter2:=next_mas[j+1];
                    next_mas[j+1]:=next_mas[j];
                    next_mas[j]:=meter2;
                  end;
              end;
          end;// выстраиваем по убыванию
       for i := 1 to meter do
         begin
            label2.Caption:=label2.Caption+' '+next_mas_simvol[i]+': '+inttostr(Round(next_mas[i]*1000))+'   ';
         end;

end;
procedure teory(str:string);
 begin
    if str='а' then    mas[0]:=mas[0]+1;
    if str='б' then    mas[1]:=mas[1]+1;
    if str='в' then    mas[2]:=mas[2]+1;
    if str='г' then    mas[3]:=mas[3]+1;
    if str='д' then    mas[4]:=mas[4]+1;
    if str='е' then    mas[5]:=mas[5]+1;
    if str='є' then    mas[6]:=mas[6]+1;
    if str='ж' then    mas[7]:=mas[7]+1;
    if str='з' then    mas[8]:=mas[8]+1;
    if str='и' then    mas[9]:=mas[9]+1;
    if str='і' then    mas[10]:=mas[10]+1;
    if str='ї' then    mas[11]:=mas[11]+1;
    if str='й' then    mas[12]:=mas[12]+1;
    if str='к' then    mas[13]:=mas[13]+1;
    if str='л' then    mas[14]:=mas[14]+1;
    if str='м' then    mas[15]:=mas[15]+1;
    if str='н' then    mas[16]:=mas[16]+1;
    if str='о' then    mas[17]:=mas[17]+1;
    if str='п' then    mas[18]:=mas[18]+1;
    if str='р' then    mas[19]:=mas[19]+1;
    if str='с' then    mas[20]:=mas[20]+1;
    if str='т' then    mas[21]:=mas[21]+1;
    if str='у' then    mas[22]:=mas[22]+1;
    if str='ф' then    mas[23]:=mas[23]+1;
    if str='х' then    mas[24]:=mas[24]+1;
    if str='ч' then    mas[25]:=mas[25]+1;
    if str='ц' then    mas[26]:=mas[26]+1;
    if str='ш' then    mas[27]:=mas[27]+1;
    if str='щ' then    mas[28]:=mas[28]+1;
    if str='ь' then    mas[29]:=mas[29]+1;
    if str='ю' then    mas[30]:=mas[30]+1;
    if str='я' then    mas[31]:=mas[31]+1;
    if str='А' then    mas[0]:=mas[0]+1;
    if str='Б' then    mas[1]:=mas[1]+1;
    if str='В' then    mas[2]:=mas[2]+1;
    if str='Г' then    mas[3]:=mas[3]+1;
    if str='Д' then    mas[4]:=mas[4]+1;
    if str='Е' then    mas[5]:=mas[5]+1;
    if str='Є' then    mas[6]:=mas[6]+1;
    if str='Ж' then    mas[7]:=mas[7]+1;
    if str='З' then    mas[8]:=mas[8]+1;
    if str='И' then    mas[9]:=mas[9]+1;
    if str='І' then    mas[10]:=mas[10]+1;
    if str='Ї' then    mas[11]:=mas[11]+1;
    if str='Й' then    mas[12]:=mas[12]+1;
    if str='К' then    mas[13]:=mas[13]+1;
    if str='Л' then    mas[14]:=mas[14]+1;
    if str='М' then    mas[15]:=mas[15]+1;
    if str='Н' then    mas[16]:=mas[16]+1;
    if str='О' then    mas[17]:=mas[17]+1;
    if str='П' then    mas[18]:=mas[18]+1;
    if str='Р' then    mas[19]:=mas[19]+1;
    if str='С' then    mas[20]:=mas[20]+1;
    if str='Т' then    mas[21]:=mas[21]+1;
    if str='у' then    mas[22]:=mas[22]+1;
    if str='ф' then    mas[23]:=mas[23]+1;
    if str='Х' then    mas[24]:=mas[24]+1;
    if str='Ч' then    mas[25]:=mas[25]+1;
    if str='Ц' then    mas[26]:=mas[26]+1;
    if str='Ш' then    mas[27]:=mas[27]+1;
    if str='Щ' then    mas[28]:=mas[28]+1;
    if str='Ь' then    mas[29]:=mas[29]+1;
    if str='Ю' then    mas[30]:=mas[30]+1;
    if str='Я' then    mas[31]:=mas[31]+1;
 end;

end.

Throws an execution (compilation successful) when processing the form, when it displays the values ​​as it should. but eksepshin...
error code : pp.vk.me/c626826/v626826590/d508/wK4twsJynso.jpg

Answer 1

I’m not a hatched larva of a programmer at all
, but the first thing that catches your eye

big_text:array of string;
 SetLength(big_text,length_text);//

you allocate N bytes for a dynamic array (in general, the error is typical for working with a dynamic array),
but how many bytes does a string take?
dynamic arrays and d.m. cannot take 1 byte, in principle, the
second you do not free what was allocated for the dynamic array
PS you used the wrong approach to work with typed data, you use untyped procedures and do not take into account the peculiarities of types

Answer 2

error code: pp.vk.me/c626826/v626826590/d508/wK4twsJynso.jpg
I can’t (or just don’t know how) indicate where in the code the place of the error is sent to some system file ...
try finaly - didn’t break through. but I'll try

Answer 3

Turn on the compiler option:
Project - Options - Delphi Compiler - Compiling - Runtime Errors - Range checking = true
And then the debugger will definitely show you the line with the error:
if next_mas[j]>next_mas[j+1] then
You access an array element with index outside the array dimension. At the maximum value of j, the next_mas[j+1] element is already going nowhere.
Then edit your own algorithm.