How to understand the entire stack of Java technologies?

Question

Java

Maybe it's even a question " google it for me please", but I'd be happy to do it myself if I knew what exactly :) technologies are used in Java? Graphic editors, for desktop, Web development. This is just what I heard.
Maybe someone knows good articles on this subject? By type of overview of the whole language.
- What are the technologies?
What is each one used for?
- What is worth paying attention to, and what is not?
- What languages ​​(for example, for asp.net it is necessary to know JS, c#) are often used with Java?
Well, and stuff like that) If there are very experienced people here who already know everything, I would like to listen to your versions.

Answer 1

try looking for mind maps like this:
zeroturnaround.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/jtnt...