How to split a table correctly?

Question

MySQL

There is a users table, I want to add rules (access to individual categories)
I.e. I have 2 options
1st option: add directly to the table
And then there will be users(user_id, user_hash, role_admin, role_moderator, role_submitter ...)
each role_* is a tinyint(1) type field where 1 or 0, because a person can be an admin and moderator, etc.
2.1 option:
add a rules table separately and make a primary key user_id
2.2 option
-//- and make a primary key rule_id and make the foreign key user_id and make it unique?
Which option would be better (and why (not necessarily, just for self-development))?
Sub-question:
If I want to make UUID keys, is it correct to do this:
user_id - int autocrement
user_hash - UUID key
And then, if accessed from outside, then by user_hash, and if inside the database, then by id
Is it correct to do this, or is it better to leave something alone?

Answer 1

Which option would be better

The third.

make foreign key user_id and make it unique?

and at the same time

maybe a person can be both an admin and a moderator, etc.

will not work.
Need a table: (id, user_id, rule_id ), the last two fields in the pair are unique.

Answer 2

table user_has_role
user_id | role_id
------------------
1       |  1
2       |  1
2       |  7


select role_id from user_has_role where user_id = 2

Or even RBAC , but it's a bit more complicated.