How to solve the problem with the transition from HDD to SSD (MacBook Pro mid 2012)?

Question

Hard disks

Background.
I decided to change HDD to SSD on MacBook PRO mid 2012. HDD began to slow down.
I did everything according to the manual: I took it apart; changed HDD to SSD; HDD placed in an external box and connected via USB; copied the contents of the HDD to the SSD using the built-in utility.
Everything worked out, the system booted up. However, after the first shutdown and restart, the system from the SSD could not boot - an apple, a progress bar and then turns off. Tried restarting a few more times but nothing changed. Then I tried to boot from the old HDD connected via USB, it turned out almost the same - an apple, a progress bar, but this time an endless download ring.
I decided to copy the contents of the HDD again, but now the built-in utility swears with errors: "Unable to check the source of error 252", "Failed to check the source of error 254". Immediately after that, I decided to check the disk for errors. At the end of the check, the utility swore that there were problems. After trying "Corrections" I swore at the fact that it was impossible to fix the disk. I want to note that before starting the procedure for switching to SSD, I checked the HDD and there were no errors.
Tell me which way to dig and what to do?
PS I tried to put a clean system on the SSD - everything is fine, but the problem is that I need a copy of the existing system on the HDD.

Answer 1

TimeMachine as an option?

Answer 2

You didn't have to copy the information, but create a backup via TimeMachine! After that, it will boot into recovery mode and restore the backup from the backup to your SSD.

Answer 3

Everything was necessary through TimeMachine. And then restore to your SSD. The best way.