How to retrain to Desktop/Mobile Apple apps?

Question

Objective-C

Please do not kick, do not laugh, but understand and help in any way you can.
So the day came when I realized that I was somehow uncomfortable in web development. Alas, I feel that it is time to leave the native walls and move on, while the head cooks and can remember.
So:
What I know now:
html5/css3/Jquery/JqueryUI/vanilaJS/pure Java Script <- frontend. That's it, all the way down to the fact that you can make cool effects in cool bundles. Any layout of any site.
PHP/Yii framework/MySQL <- backend. There is not up to the highest matters, but also confidently and tastefully.
I want to moveon iOS/MacOS at a fundamental level. I've been scouring the web for 2 days, and all I found is an old course on creating an application for iOS (like a coder teaches a designer), it's all cool, but at the level of school entertainment.
I found a mountain of books, of which half a mountain can simply be sent to a fire or to a museum, they are well outdated.
By myself, I am a hard-to-reach person, and all abbreviations and slang were given to me with difficulty (so far ...), as for example, I can’t distinguish C from C ++ while reading a book, no matter how funny it sounds, but how code from a 2008 book to run in XCode in 2014... Doesn't always work, generally a mystery (like all errors, except for empirical ones, of course...).
What is from hardware:
27-inch iMac 2.9 GHz Core i5 and iPhone 5s 16GB.
What is required
Just like with the web, it’s not clear to me at one time: where to start, how to understand the application architecture (how to create it, of course), how and in what it’s better to write (programming language), what’s with the database, I don’t even sleep or spirit , immediately write in XCode or is there something else for the very, very, very teapot, how you can understand the architecture (as an example, I understood the MVC and Yii pattern with its goodies), what is the frontend, what is the backend, how animations are written, where is it I just don't understand everything. Alas... =(
I asked the question so clearly not because I don't know how to use Google, or Yahoo, or Yandex, or Habr, or a toaster, or something else, but because I just can't get a taste of what and what.
Thanks in advance to those who helped, to those who started to be clever, etc. ... And thank you too.
Z.Y. To code in full size up to the creation of something beautiful and big was a childhood dream (I also wanted to be a pirate or a hired killer, because of moral and legal circumstances it disappeared by itself ... =) ).

Answer 1

I throw links to Shelfari, there is a detailed description of the book, the possibility of buying on Amazon, and you can also create your own shelf with books to read.
I cite the versions of the books in the original, as they are usually more adequate and the material is more recent. I think it will not be difficult to find their translations into Russian.
1. I recommend starting with this.
www.shelfari.com/books/36153187/iOS-Programming-Th...
Lots of examples, general theory. Accessible and understandable.
2. www.shelfari.com/books/35960099/Programming-iOS-6
Very high quality book with a detailed description of the theoretical aspects. There is not enough practice in it, but put your knowledge on the shelves. You need to start the book after reading K&R and gaining basic knowledge of programming for iOS, otherwise you risk not understanding a lot. In December, a version of the book for iOS 7 was released, if I'm not mistaken it was divided into 2 volumes.
3. Cool book on programming for multiple threads and memory management.
www.shelfari.com/books/25895332/Pro-Multithreading...
4. Two books with ready-made recipes for iOS. Certain problems are considered and their solutions are given.
www.shelfari.com/books/27011451/The-iOS-5-Develope...
www.shelfari.com/books/33213224/iOS-6-Recipes-A-Pr...
5. Detailed description of working with Core Data. Wrapper for working with databases under iOS.
www.shelfari.com/books/25871163/Pro-Core-Data-for-iOS I
also recommend that you pay attention to video lectures on iOS programming. Lectures are led by Paul Hegarty, a person who knows firsthand about development.
itunes.stanford.edu

Answer 2

1. Just start writing. From personal experience, I already managed to understand that a fearful-perfectionist, academic-bookish and cramming attitude to the subject is a hindrance. Anyway, in order to write fast enough and "habitually" - you need to get used to the instrument, not be afraid to use it, feel it from the inside.
Take the classic short k&r to begin with, while reading, play with the available primitives - and then any popular literature on Obj-C, such as the links above, should come down.
2. In applied programming, there is no monotonous typical architecture or some kind of central platform (because the tasks are much more diverse than dynamic page output and working with the database), there are only libraries, of which I would notice libboost and Qt. (Another thing is that not all libraries are cross-platform, and not all platforms have a cross-platform library for a task.)