How to provide access rights to certain forum features?

Question

Programming

We are writing a forum. There is a tree system
Rubric
Topic
Subtopic
Topic1
Topic2
Topic3
​​how to provide a security system so that some can read, others can't, others can post and read, and so on. Tell me how such access systems are generally solved.
thank.

Answer 1

Roles.
Add the role to the user:
1 - guest
2 - registered
3 - moderator
4 - admin
further add the same parameter and permissions to the section (topic) - for example, 2,3 and 4
then check.
the topic can be viewed by everyone except guests