How to properly partition a relational database table?

Question

Database design

It is necessary to store information about the components of the optical passive network in the database. Components are divided into 2 categories active and passive. Depending on the type of component, characteristic attributes differ. There are tables with relationships Components(id (PK); idProperties (FK) ), Properties (id (PK); idComponentType (FK)), ComponentTypes (id (PK)). The Properties table stores the characteristics of the components for active and passive at the same time, because of this there are many NULL fields. I would like to divide this table into ActiveComponentProperties and PassiveComponentProperties. But it is not entirely clear how then to link them to the Components table. Would love to see advice on how to do this.

Answer 1

An example structure might look like this