How to properly connect ATiny13 for firmware?

Question

Electronics

Good day to you, brothers.
I want to program the MK, tell me, please, did I understand the meaning of the pins correctly and will it always be like this for all MKs (6 pins for programming)?
VCC - plus
GND - minus
RST - signaling the register to put the MK into write mode?
SCK - port responsible for the frequency (data recording speed in microns)?
MOSI - sending 1 bit per 1 cycle (hertz) from the programmer to the MK?
MISO - sending back from the MK to the programmer the same bit on the next cycle to check the correctness of the bit received before?
On the 2nd picture, resistors, a capacitor and an LED are added, is this mandatory or can I directly throw all 6 wires from the programmer to the MK (ATiny13)?
And what does the rest of the symbols in brackets mean?
For example (PCINT4/ADC2) and (MISO/AIN1/OC0B/INT0/PCINT1)?
There is a good book on the basics of programming MK (avr), otherwise there are articles either for advanced or unfinished ones.

Answer 1

The microcircuit has only 8 legs, so many are used for various purposes in different operating modes (multiplexing). What you are describing is the SPI protocol.
SCK - reference frequency for the SPI protocol. On this line, the programmer sends a periodic square-wave signal of a fixed frequency to synchronize the data transfer
MOSI (Master Output Slave Input) - a data transmission channel from the master device (programmer) to the slave (atmega)
MOSI - on the contrary
RST - a reset (reboot) signal. Can be used to transfer the chip to the desired state.
Everything else - you'll figure it out during development. As far as I know, INT * - interrupts (in order to respond to external events), ADC - digital-to-analog converter (measure voltage, all sorts of sensors)