How to organize a database to store heterogeneous information?

Question

Database

1. List of fruits and vegetables - for each content of microelements (clear, rows, columns)
2. Calorie content of fuel - similarly, rows - types of fuel, columns - calories
3. Strength of materials - material - strength
It comes out due to the heterogeneity of data for each such data group Do you need your own table? But in each of them there will be quite a few records 100-1000, which also makes development difficult because before selecting, you need to understand which table to select data from.
Group similar data into one table? Then all the same, some of the columns will be empty and this will reduce the selectivity of the index.
Maybe there are some specialized databases for this type of data? NoSQL and key-value stores are not better suited here?

Answer 1

NoSQL, of course
, Monge also has indexes

Answer 2

From specialized DBMS there are:
MariaDB ColumnStore (compatible with MySQL)
Yandex ClickHouse (nimble and economical)
Apache Spark
others Wide Column Store / Column Families