How to make "in a smart way" processing of request parameters and their transformation?

Question

symfony

controller:

foreach( $request as $k => $v ) {
            if( in_array( $k, ['limit', 'page' ] ) ) {
                continue;
            }
            if( is_array( $v ) ) {
                if( isset($v['type']) ) {
                    switch($v['type']) {
                        case "parent":
                            $criterias[] = new Criterion\ParentLocationId($v['val']);
                            break;
                    }
                } if( isset( $v['like'] ) ) {
                    switch( $v['like'] ) {
                        case 0:
                            $criterias[] = new Criterion\FullText( $v['val'] );
                            break;
                        case 1:
                            $criterias[] = new Criterion\Field( $v['name'], Criterion\Operator::LIKE, $v['val'] . "%" );
                            break;
                        case 2:
                            $criterias[] = new Criterion\Field( $v['name'], Criterion\Operator::LIKE, "%" . $v['val'] . "%" );
                            break;
                        case 3:
                            $criterias[] = new Criterion\Field( $v['name'], Criterion\Operator::EQ, $v['val'] );
                            break;
                    }
                } else {
                    $criterias[] = new Criterion\Field( $k, Criterion\Operator::IN, $v );
                }
            } else {
                $criterias[] = new Criterion\Field( $k, Criterion\Operator::EQ, $v);
            }
        }
        if( count( $criterias ) > 0 ) {
            $query->filter = new Criterion\LogicalAnd( $criterias );
        }

this "noodle" checks each request
value if the text type value adds
$criterias[] = new Criterion\Field( $k, Criterion\Operator::EQ, $v);
those. comparison
if simple array then
$criterias[] = new Criterion\Field( $k, Criterion\Operator::IN, $v );
if the array has a type key then
$criterias[] = new Criterion\ParentLocationId($v['val']);
further this noodle will only grow, as I understand it, it is necessary to switch to objects;
further, it is necessary to provide for another programmer to define his type in his other bundle

switch($v['type']) {
            case "parent":
                  $criterias[] = new Criterion\ParentLocationId($v['val']);

and your custom class of Criterion type that needs to be applied in the incoming request parameter
in OOP is not very strong, tell me how to do it correctly