How to make CNC without id?

Question

PHP

There is a URL like site.ru/book?id=1. And I want to do this: site.ru/book/php-dlya-chajnikov.
The content of the page is retrieved from the database by id. I don't want to add an ID to the end of the address.
I see two possible solutions:
1. Pass id via POST
I don’t even know how to implement it, because I don’t want to register a hundred times 2. Display from the database by id like “php-dlya-chajnikov”.form method="post"

SELECT id, title, author FROM books WHERE id='php-dlya-chajnikov'

Here, in my opinion, the speed will be low. I heard that it is not recommended to use a varchar field as a primary key.
Surely there is some solution used by large sites:
mann-ivanov-ferber.ru/books/stranica_v_den
litres.ru/adam-trahtenbergdevid-sklyar/php-recepty...

Answer 1

It's called a bicycle.
The problem is solved very simply:
"site.ru/book/php-dlya-chajnikov" - this part of "php-dlya-chajnikov" is called "slug".
An additional slug field is created in the database, where, when creating a record, the abbreviated name of the post is automatically or manually written.
Then we just do a selection on it:

SELECT id, title, author FROM books WHERE slug='php-dlya-chajnikov'

Answer 2

Here, in my opinion, the speed will be low.

You've had enough, don't be afraid.

Answer 3

1. Pass id via POST

so it is not necessary ...
through rewriting we take the name from the database