How to increase the availability (failure tolerance) of the database with 2 physical servers?

Question

High availability

Good day to all!
The situation is as follows, there are two physical servers (absolutely identical in characteristics) with the following configuration:

• Processor Intel E5-2620 v3 (6-core, 15Mb, 2.4GHz, 85W, 8.0GT/s, FCLGA2011-3) – 2 pcs.
  
• Cooler SNK-P0047PS, X9 1U for Xeon E5-2600 Series FCLGA2011, 104 x 80 x 27 – 2 pcs.
  
• RAM 8Gb DDR4-2133 RDIMM 1.2V ECC Reg Single Rank Kingston – 8 pcs.
  
• Hard disk 2.5'' Hitachi 600Gb SAS 10000rpm 128Mb (HUC101860CSS204) – 3 pcs.
  
• Hard drive 2.5'' Hitachi 300Gb SAS 15000rpm 128MB (HUC156030CSS204) – 5 pcs.
  
• Motherboard Supermicro MB MBD-X10DRW-IB, Rev.1.02 – 1 pc.
  
• Supermicro CSE-116TQ-R700WB case – 1 pc.
  
• Raid controller LSI MegaRAID SAS9260-8I (PCI-E 2.0 x8, LP) SGL – 1 pc.
  
• Raid controller battery LSIiBBU07 Battery Backup Unit for 9260, 9280 – 1 pc.
  
• Raid controller LSI MegaRAID SAS9260-8I (PCI-E 2.0 x8, LP) SGL – 1 pc.
  
• Microsoft Windows Server Standard R2 2012 x64 RUS license - 1 pc.
  
• Microsoft SQL Server Standard 2014 x64 RUS license – 1 pc.

We want to make a MS SQL cluster out of them ... but MS SQL asks for a Quorum disk and storage system during setup.
Is it possible to do without storage and Disk Quorum? We also have MS SQL Standard, not Enterprise, i.e. we do not have a full-fledged AlwaysON, and many manuals and guides come with this MS SQL function. It’s interesting, but with AlwaysON you can do without using storage, or is storage needed in any case?
In general, the task is to have an identical database on two servers, and when one falls, it is possible to raise the second, i.e. the data must be up-to-date on both servers.

Answer 1

With AlwaysON, you can do without the use of storage, or do you need storage anyway?

It is possible, storage is not needed for AlwaysON. The technology is much better than the crutch (in my opinion) Faiover Cluster by means of MSSQL itself. I recommend AlwaysON.
Just the other day I raised a cluster using AlwaysON technology. If one of the servers fails, even if there are only two servers in the cluster, the database is available and the service is running.
But there is another limitation, in addition to the Enterprise edition of MSSQL, you must have AD and the configured Faiover Cluster feature on all hosts with MSSQL server. I draw your attention to the fact that the Faiover Cluster and Faiover Cluster OS features are different things using MSSQL itself.