How to get started with microcontrollers at minimal cost?

Question

Electronics

As a hobby, I really want to work with microcontrollers, but, unfortunately, this is not web development, I wrote in a notebook and saw the result, for this reason a lot of questions arose:
1) A mandatory set of tools: a soldering station, a bunch of rubber gloves, a set of tweezers, a voltmeter what else might be needed?
2) The programmer, on Ali they sell different options Both a full-fledged programmer for all types , and a Simple option , but, I'm not an expert in this, for this reason I want to start working with simple microcontrollers, first of all, get my hands on simple devices, like a sensor humidity or laser signaling, on which microcontrollers and programmers it is better to do this (the question is in the minimum price)
3) Accessories, microcontrollers themselves, lead for soldering, wires, etc. where do you take? (delivery time-price ratio)
4) Case, a bunch of wires with a microcontroller is not ethical, I would like to cast all this in a case (a 3D printer is not an option yet), where can I order a plastic case of specific sizes?

Answer 1

Don't start with Arduino - it has nothing to do with microcontroller programming. It's good to start with the internal device of the microcontroller. The best, but not very cheap option is an AVR microcontroller (essentially the same Arduino, but without the Arduino IDE) with a debugger. So you can stop the execution of the program and see where what data is in the registers, and even what signals are on the input / output ports. There is a lot of information on AVR both in English and in Russian.
If you want to spend almost nothing at all - then STM8 with the ST-LINK debugger. There is less information on them, but cheaper than AVR.
A soldering iron will only be needed occasionally. For starters, everything can be assembled on a solderless breadboard.

Answer 2

Especially for all beginners to work with microcontrollers, a site was made . All the information is there for beginners. How to program, how to make devices, how to solder. Which microcontrollers to choose for the project. How to make a programmer, board, etc.