How to fix USB debugging?

Question

Android

Suddenly (!) USB debugging stopped working. The second week I can't think of anything.
I’ll clarify right away that before this, everything worked fine for a whole year. On the device, "Debugging via USB" is enabled, the cord is in order and the problem is not with the device itself (I tried two smartphones and a tablet, it worked on them earlier). Tried to open the port and generally turn off the firewall. Uninstalled drivers in device manager. The application is downloaded to the smartphone, but the debugger either does not connect at all, or the connection is immediately disconnected.
I installed the latest Android Studio, debugging is also not connected in it, although the CPU and memory load is traced. Eclipse also installed the latest, with an update to the SDK and other things.
When debugging in the emulator, the debugger works, the breaks work, everything is as it should be ...
Has anyone encountered such a problem and was able to solve it?