How to fix linked image cannot be displayed in Outlook?

Question

HTML

The html letter contains a block with a static image from the google map:

<tr>
                                      <td
                                        style="
                                          border-collapse: collapse;
                                          line-height: 0;
                                          mso-table-lspace: 0;
                                          mso-table-rspace: 0;
                                          padding: 0;
                                        "
                                      >
                                        <table
                                          class="contents"
                                          style="
                                            border-collapse: collapse;
                                            border-spacing: 0;
                                            mso-table-lspace: 0;
                                            mso-table-rspace: 0;
                                            width: 100%;
                                            font-size: 14px;
                                            text-align: left;
                                          "
                                          width="100%"
                                          align="left"
                                        >
                                          <tr>
                                            <td
                                              class="map-container td-line-height"
                                              style="
                                                border-collapse: collapse;
                                                line-height: 1;
                                                mso-table-lspace: 0;
                                                mso-table-rspace: 0;
                                                padding: 0;
                                                padding-bottom: 24px;
                                              "
                                            >
                                              <img
                                                src="https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap..."
                                                style="border-radius: 8px"
                                                width="100%"
                                                height="auto"
                                              />
                                            </td>
                                          </tr>
                                        </table>
                                      </td>
                                    </tr>

When testing, everything is displayed perfectly everywhere, except for desktop Outlook.
Instead of a picture, it shows an empty box with a cross that says:
"The linked image cannot be displayed. The file may have been moved, renamed, or deleted. Verify that the link points to the correct file and location."



I searched everything I could and tried to fix the problem in many ways.
1. Disabled antivirus.
2. Modified the registry.
3. Changed the location of temporary image files.
4. I tried to disable Do not save encrypted pages to disk in the settings.
5. Added the sender to the trusted list.

Nothing helped, as you might guess.
Has anyone encountered the problem and knows the solution?