How to find out the names of remote files in Linux?

Question

linux

Installed Linux Xubuntu 13.10. I inserted the flash drive, selected the files on the desktop, pressed Ctrl + X, went to the folder of the flash drive, pressed Ctrl + V. At first, copying went fine, then the speed dropped to a ridiculous 80 kb per second, after that the process stopped. I went into the flash drive folder, there is about 20% of what was cut from the desktop. When you try to open almost any file, even from these 20%, an I / O error appears. I tried to insert a USB flash drive into a computer with Windows, it generally asks to format it, after that it is not detected on Linux. Of course, it’s my own fault that I cut the files to an unreliable medium, but maybe it’s possible to find out at least the names of the files that were originally on the desktop?
PS. I tried to restore files via R-linux, booting from live-USB, the result is zero. He even found long-deleted files, but not cut ones.

Answer 1

Desktop? Copying via clipboard? On Linux?
However.
1. What file system?
2. how exactly was the flash drive mounted and what file system is on it?
3. Why were the files lying on the desktop? Ugh, no matter what kind of files, symlinks, hardlinks?
And why was it necessary to format the flash drive in Windows? But it is, just a question.