How to create one page in wordpress for different content?

Question

WordPress

Greetings.
I have a plugin, a page created in WordPress. On this page, I take and pull out all the categories from the plugin in a cycle, display them.
The task is to open a new page when clicking on a specific category (currently also created by WordPress), this page contains a shortcode, which in turn accepts parameters, one of which is the name of the category from which data will be displayed on the page.
Since I'm never a web developer and I'm not familiar with wordPress, I don't understand how to implement it.
There are just assumptions: for example, at the stage of looping through the categories, form a url into which we pass the name of the category (page?=string), but there are two misunderstandings:

1. How to link to the page to the form page.php so that the page understands the request?
   
2. How to make the php variable with the name of the category shortcode on the second page eat, and will it eat it at all?
   

Most likely there is a way easier, I will be incredibly glad to help.