How to correctly specify relative paths to files in Python?

Question

Python

Very often errors get out when working with files. Here are a few of them:

os.listdir(r'png')

#FileNotFoundError: [WinError 3] Системе не удается найти указанный путь: 'png'

The script is launched from under the console. The folder is exactly in the same directory as the executable file. Another strange thing is that when you run it from PyCharm, everything works fine. Here's another example:

sftp.put(r'data.txt', r'/root/vk-ali/data.txt')
sftp.put(r'album1.txt', r'/root/vk-ali/album1.txt')
sftp.put(r'C:\Users\danis\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\Lib\vk_ali\desktop\posts1.txt',  # ошибка
             r'/root/vk-ali/posts1.txt')  # ошибка
sftp.put(r'C:\Users\danis\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\Lib\vk_ali\desktop\posts2.txt',  # ошибка                                             
             r'/root/vk-ali/posts2.txt')  # ошибка
sftp.put(r'album2.txt', r'/root/vk-ali/album2.txt')


#FileNotFoundError: [WinError 2] Системе не удается найти указанный файл 'posts1.txt'

Everything works fine here except for the comment lines. In them, I indicated the full path, because. when specifying relative python, it throws an error. And again, in PyCharm everything started without the full path.
How to correctly specify relative paths to files in Python?
SOLVED:
The problem turned out to be the location of the console, thanks Sayonji

Answer 1

study

dir_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
или
dir_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.realpath(__file__), os.pardir)))