How to copy a list of files in Linux while preserving the directory tree?

Question

rsync

There is a text file, each line in which is the path to the file to be copied. The difficulty is that the path contains subdirectories. I.e.:
a/a/file1.txt
a/a/file2.txt
a/b/file1.txt
a/c/file1.txt
etc.
If I do it through xargs and cp, then it turns out that all files are added to one destination folder, but you need to save the directory structure.
If I do it via rsync --include-from, then it requires that all directory names be specified along with the file names, but they are not in the file. Besides, I sincerely believe that this is redundant information.
You can't make hard links through rsync either, which can come in handy.

Answer 1

I answer myself:
The cp command has the --parents parameter, which is why the result of the
cp --parents a/b/file1.txt ./files command
will be copying the file file1.txt to ./files/a/b/ It, the cp command, has the wonderful --link option, which creates hard links instead of copying.

Answer 2

You can also put the files into a tar archive and then unpack it in the right place. This will be a more generic solution than the GNU cp options.

Answer 3

find . -regex ".*\.\(jpg\|jpeg\|gif\|png\|JPG\|JPEG\|GIF\|PNG\)" -print0 | xargs -0 cp --parents --target-directory ./tmp/backup