How to choose a battery for a DIY project in cold weather?

Question

Arduino

Good day to all!
The task is to develop a research device (within the framework of the dissertation), which is characterized by the following parameters:
1) The composition of the device is a microcontroller (most likely Arduino) with a sensor, a transceiver (in principle, ZigBee will do, but in fact a minimum GSM GPRS modem is required).
2) Voltage 5V, current consumption from 4 mA (in pause) to 1000 mA (at peak, in the case of a GSM modem), the average power consumption with a reserve in this case will be about 40 mAh or about 1000 mAh per day.
3) Working conditions - hermetic box in the forest, there is no possibility to connect to the mains. It is planned to use solar panels and accumulate energy during the day. It is possible to go to sleep at night (and in extreme cases during the day) with the transceiver turned off if the accumulated energy during daylight hours is insufficient. The term of work is year-round, at least 2 years without physical maintenance.
As a matter of fact, the entire structure of the device, its layout and software are ready, it turned out to be a small matter - to choose a battery for storing energy from solar panels.
Based on power consumption, plus a reserve for cloudy days, I would like to have a battery capacity of at least 6000mAh (bigger is better), and a peak current output of at least 1.5A.
The possibility of charging with a low current is also relevant, so as not to lose the possibility of charging during cloudy hours.
At first, the development somehow didn’t think about this at all and wanted to put an ordinary powerbank with li-ion batteries, but as they later thought, they are absolutely not tolerant of frost and heat (and if you can still hide the device in the shade from the heat, then from frost can not be saved). Then the idea came up to use superionistors, which, in principle, fit easily in terms of characteristics, but after calculating how much the required kit would cost and comparing it with financing, they fell into complete despondency ...
Now we are considering options up to the point of burying a separate hermetic capsule with a li-ion battery underground, where conditions are somehow still adequate during frosts, and bringing the controller with a sensor and solar panels to the surface ...
I will once again give the community advice in this difficult question :)
PS: it would be ideal to install a personal portable RTG ... But engineering thought has not yet reached safe individual radioisotope power sources :)

Answer 1

Panasonic has a Cadnica GT series from -40 to +60

Answer 2

Well, except that LiFePO4 is suitable here. I'm not sure how good it is to charge it in the cold, but at least the current will give back
. By the way, modern NiMh batteries like LSD (low self discharge) will also work, they will only be heavier and more will be needed
forum.fonarevka.ru/showthread.php?t=5845

Answer 3

there was a similar task at the company - by trial and error they came to lead-acid. oak like felt boots, great thing for a backend to solar panels. only you don’t need to discharge much, the price is not big, put it with a margin of capacity and a bigger socket :).
By the way, it didn’t work out normally to start dc / dc with mppt, so I installed the simplest dc / dc with a separate uvlo input and a resistive divider, just set a static operating point. himh bring big dances with a tambourine when charging, like a piggy bank with a solar panel is not an option, although the
eneluppers did buy :)
current 0.2C.

Answer 4

If the device is stationary in the forest, dig it in.
At least the battery.
So the battery will be warmer even in permafrost areas.
And yes, a lead-free battery will do. The choice is large.

Answer 5

tell me the results? What batteries did you choose? how does the system work?
Alternatively, you can also look towards lithium titanate