How to calculate the collision of a circle with another object?

Question

JavaScript

Good day. I am making a platformer, and it came to the development of colliders, intersections. A question arose before me. I can calculate whether objects collide with straight lines, but what about a circle, that is, for example, how to understand if the edge of the circle touches the side of the square? Please throw some material about this, poke into the geometry for grade 8: D

Answer 1

In general, a lot of things are written about this in books on game development in js. If I'm not confused, then I used a method related to calculating the distance from the center of the circle to the object, and if the distance was <= radius, then a collision occurred.
An example from the book "Build your own 2D Game Engine and Create Great Web Games (Apress, 2015)" (I did not follow it, but it seems to be the same principle)

RigidShape.prototype.collidedRectCirc = function(rect1Shape, circ2Shape) {
var rect1Pos = rect1Shape.getPosition();
var circ2Pos = circ2Shape.getPosition();
if (rect1Shape.containsPos(circ2Pos) || (circ2Shape.containsPos(rect1Pos))) {
return true;
}
var vFrom1to2 = [0, 0];
vec2.subtract(vFrom1to2, circ2Pos, rect1Pos);
var vec = vec2.clone(vFrom1to2);
var alongX = rect1Shape.getWidth() / 2;
var alongY = rect1Shape.getHeight() / 2;
vec[0] = this.clamp(vec[0], -alongX, alongX);
vec[1] = this.clamp(vec[1], -alongY, alongY);
var normal = [0, 0];
vec2.subtract(normal, vFrom1to2, vec);
var distSqr = vec2.squaredLength(normal);
var rSqr = circ2Shape.getRadius() * circ2Shape.getRadius();
return (distSqr < rSqr);
};

Answer 2

In geometry there is no such thing as an object. What geometric shape do you want to collide with the circle?