How to build a digital integrated circuit with transistors?

Question

Electronics

1) What happens when the process of designing and debugging logic circuits is completed?
2) How to learn how to convert a logic circuit into a circuit diagram?
3) How to make calculations?
Tell me, what books, articles will be useful to achieve this goal, given that there is almost no knowledge in this area?

Answer 1

1) Launch into production.
2) To study the process in practice, including the study of the opposite process to it - reverse engineering.
3) Using formulas and lookup tables.

Answer 2

Strangely, you did it - your three points do not correspond at all to the question asked in the title. The answer to this question is known. Yes, in the early stages of the development of microelectronics, as long as ICs operated at relatively low frequencies, it was possible to assemble an almost exact equivalent on individual transistors. But later, with the development of technology, in the development of ICs began to take into account more subtle effects (distribution of capacitances, inductances, heat, as well as gradients of technological influences over a crystal), and this gave effects that cannot be repeated on discrete components and allow achieving unsurpassed parameters. Say, this is the reason for the much higher accuracy of integrated op amps and DAC / ADC compared to those soldered from conventional elements.
So if we copy some kind of IC on discrete elements, then not according to its principal, but according to its equivalent circuit. And even then, you will probably have to scale such a product towards lower operating frequencies.

Answer 3

here are a few keywords to get you started:
truth tables, logical basis, De Morgan's theorem, SDNF, SKNF and so on.
here , for example, or here (on the second link there are problems with the encoding, but the info is interesting for a start)