How to assemble a server for a small company?

Question

System administration

Good day. I immediately apologize for the long story, but I would like to explain why there is a need to create it, and why a person who is not competent in this matter is going to create a server.
I am an engineer. 4 years ago, when I joined the company, everything worked great. In the building, in addition to our company, there was another one with whom the management was very friendly, and took over all system administration. We all had Windows 7, and the entrance was by login and password. those. domain name service as far as I understand. And everything was fine. But soon our company got into a little trouble. We moved to a new office, they put together a server for us on ubuntu, and that's all, gone. Now the user account is on all computers, but the home folders correspond to different logins that were previously used.
And I do a little programming in C#, vba for applied tasks. And that’s why they constantly pull me, like you rummage around in computers, fix it, do Wi-Fi, and so on (and I don’t understand much in networks, not in administration, or maybe nothing at all). And now I got sick of it, and purely on enthusiasm, I decided to create a server in order to understand how everything works there (and I could really fix problems, and not do something through my ass for a week) and so that everything would work more or less normally.
I took the old computer, installed ubuntu server 18.04.1 and started learning linux. installed the ball, and realized that maybe I can actually raise the server. Previously, I had experience with a web server, though on Windows, well, nothing special, just xamp (apache mysql) I know sql php.
At this stage, I need to decide which services and services to install in general.
Now about the network structure itself. About 20 computers + printers and plotters. Everywhere costs Windows 7 and on one xp. All this equipment is scattered over 2 floors (3 offices), a switch hangs in the false ceiling, and there are so many wires that it is unrealistic to figure out where and where it all goes. also worth a router with wi-fi. Previously, a static ip address was set on each computer. But since I had to install wifi due to sometimes conflicting ip addresses, I installed dhcp everywhere and reversed the addresses for printers and computers in the router.
The most important thing that I need to implement, Sharu (well, I sort of figured out with samba) the normal operation of printers and plotters, Network license for autocad, EngGeo. Another database for EngGeo. those. the program is on several computers and the database is one. And backup, since we now have projects on the ball that have been developing for years, but as I was told, there is no backup on this server.
Everyone needs the Internet, but how to secure their conduct in it. We also have a license with nod32, maybe there are some nuances there too.
Well, not very important, secondary tasks are to make a website, mail.
At the moment, I need to decide what to google about what to read. what to put.
The policy of the leadership, that's how everything works, it means it will go.
PS Please do not scold and do not water. I understand that the question is not very correct, but can someone tell me at least in what direction I should move. Thank you very much in advance.

Answer 1

In your case, it is better to hire an administrator or outsource IT.

Answer 2

If you do not receive money for administration, it is better to hire an administrator. Because they will sit down, dangle their legs and still cackle with cries of "Hyk, my little donkey!" :)

Answer 3

You should look away: zimbra , Zentyal .

Answer 4

Nethserver - free
Zentyal - paid, but there is a Development Edition)))
These are ready-made builds on Linux. For 20 computers pull.
Added:
But drip on the brains of the authorities whatever you want. Windows Server is expensive, but you will get practice.

Answer 5

I always have a question. What is "normal networking?" Some time ago I was in the Habr office. There were iMacs everywhere, dozens of white computers. Poor people you say. No networking)
Linux is a wise decision. The guy gets the experience, the company savings and security with reliability. I would suggest to abandon the Domain, Raise on the ProxMox server - and in virtual machines there are different services: from NASa, to mail and mailer. Look towards Docker - there are already ready-made container templates with installed services.
That is, the order is Prox --> vm (Ubuntu/Debian/CentOS/FreeNAS, etc.) --> Containers (Docker)
In the end, somewhere in the vm and Vendu will have to be installed for the same NOD32, if it does not have a Linux server (DrWeb does)
Docker is not required, you can leave it for later.
And one more thing: the question, as it seems to me, does not sound right. Building a server is a matter of hardware. "Deploy server" would be correct.

Answer 6

Mail can be done through yandex or google, they have corporate solutions + less hemorrhoids for you.
The development or transfer of the site can be organized through a hoster (for example, Reg ru) it costs not a lot of money.

Answer 7

The most reasonable and easiest way, in my opinion, is to take a piece of iron like Thecus W4800 (Win server storage). Price ~ 40 tyr plus Hdd to taste in the ride another ~ 20 tyr. For this money, you have a win server, 50 win srv cal licenses, a domain controller, a file cleaner, dns, dhtsp, a print server, a machine with windows for a license server for autocad and for managing antivirus.
Web - external.
Internet protection - you can look towards ideco (it also has mail, up to 40 users is free) or analogues. Gateway and mailer - on a separate machine.
I do not recommend trying to be an expert in everything - in the end, ready-made solutions will cost less. You have enough work to configure and maintain them.

Answer 8

https://linkmeup.ru/sdsm
to hire a Linux admin
is certainly good, but not for you. It's better for you to have a Windows domain and a normal network organization.
The authorities will say "well, it still works somehow" until the first lost project, which, as it turns out, lived only on a dead server and there are no more copies anywhere.