How to allow connection to a proxy server in the firewall?

Question

MySQL

The task is this: to block all outgoing traffic on a PC with windows 10, except for allowed connections (browsers should safely go to the Internet, local connections, etc.). PCs go to the Internet through a transparent proxy.
What I did:
1) disable outgoing connections in the firewall, except for predefined ones.
2) set up rules for local outgoing connections.
*Now it's time to release the browser on the Internet*
3) I create a rule that cuts Chrome, IE, Edge to go anywhere.
* I check, I get "Unable to access the site" *
4) I create a rule that cuts pings anywhere.
* I check, I ping 8.8.8.8 and ya.ru, it pings *
* hmm *
5) in the properties of the browser I prescribe a proxy server.
* I check, I get "No Internet connection" *
4) I create a rule that cuts any connection to the port of the proxy server.
* I check that all browsers go to the Internet (even if you turn off the rule for them in the firewall) *
* hmm *
* I put skype and it calmly connects to the Internet *
* hmm, the investigator all programs can go to the Internet *
Everything, then a stupor. Tell me what can be adjusted so that only according to the allowed rules of the firewall, programs can go to the Internet.

Answer 1

select
    a.branches_id,
    a.surveys_id,
    b.name as branches_name,
    s.name as surveys_name
from answers a
left join branches b on
    b.id = a.branches_id
left join surveys s on
    s.id = a.surveys_id

Answer 2

JOIN

Answer 3

The issue has been resolved! All actions were done on a virtual machine in hyper-v, the network is naturally behind NAT, because of this there were problems.